Söguglósur+2

Seinni hlutinn af þessum æsispennandi söguglósum. Aftur passiði ykkur að lesa þetta vel því ég veit ekki alveg hvort þetta sé allt sem verður á prófinu.

 Rómaveldi – svipast um í Róm  o ** Menning  **  § Rómaveldi var geysistórt og ýmsir partar þess býsna ólíkir  · T.d. munurinn á austur og vestur  § Þó má segja að á tíma keisaranna hafi um allt ríkið skapast ákveðin “rómversk menning” sem sótti mjög mikið til hellenismans  · Þessi menning hefur verið kölluð klassísk menning  o ** Helstu framlög Rómverja til heimsmenningarinnar  **  § Skipulagsmálum /verkfræði  · Bygging nytsamra mannvirkja.  o Íþróttaleikvangar  o Leikhús  o Baðhýsi  o Vegir  o Vatnsleiðslur  o Holræsi  § Lögfræði <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Herstjórn og herstjórnarlist <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Í listum hermdu Rómverjar aðallega eftir Grikkjum. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 126pt; mso-list: l0 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 126.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Latína <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 126pt; mso-list: l0 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 126.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Stafirnir okkar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo2; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Rómarborg  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Ein glæsilegasta borg fornaldar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Íbúar yfir milljón þegar mest var <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Glæsilegar byggingar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 126pt; mso-list: l0 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 126.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Circus Maximus <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 126pt; mso-list: l0 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 126.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Colloseum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 162pt; mso-list: l0 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 162.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Hringboginn var einkennismerki fyrir rómverskan byggingarstíl <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Aðaltorgið nefnist <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 126pt; mso-list: l0 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 126.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Forum Romanum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo2; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Fjölskyldan  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Rómverjar lögðu mikla áherslu á fjölskylduna <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Höfuð hennar var fjölskyldufaðirinn <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 126pt; mso-list: l0 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 126.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Pater familias <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 162pt; mso-list: l0 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 162.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Réð yfir allri fjölskyldunni <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Staða konunnar var heima við <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Strákar fengu menntun og oft stelpur af efri stéttum líka <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 126pt; mso-list: l0 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 126.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Bara strákar fengu æðri menntun <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo2; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Skemmtanir Rómverja  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Skylmingaleikir <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Baðhúsamenning <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Leiksýningar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Bókalestur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Íþróttaleikir <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Veislur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § O.fl. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l0 level5 lfo2; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Trúarbrögð Rómverja  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Rómaveldi var suðupottur margra mismunandi trúarbragða <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Fyrstu aldirnar fór þó mest fyrir grísku guðunum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 126pt; mso-list: l0 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 126.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Með nýjum nöfnum! <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: list 90.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Eftir daga Jesú Krists vann kristni þó jafnt og þétt á <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 126pt; mso-list: l0 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 126.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Verður ríkistrú við lok 4.aldar.

**  Kafli 2   ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Kafli II.1 ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Inngangur ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Miðaldir: <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Tími: <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Upphaf <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 216pt; mso-list: l3 level6 lfo3; tab-stops: list 216.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Fall Rómaveldis 476 <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Endir <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 216pt; mso-list: l3 level6 lfo3; tab-stops: list 216.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Fundur Ameríku 1492 <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Af hverju Miðaldir <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Endurreisnarmenn gáfu tímabilinu því nafn því þeim þótti það hálfgert frat. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Einkenni fyrri hluta miðalda: <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Kirkjan sterk <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Borgir minnka <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Sjálfsþurft eykst <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Þjóðflutningar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Germanir ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Indóevrópumenn sem flytjast til Evrópu frá sléttum Asíu. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Húnar ráðast inn í Evrópu um 375 eftir Krist: <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Upphaf þjóðflutninganna ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Germanir ráðast inn í Rómaveldi og fella vestrómverska ríkið. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Fjöldi germanskra ríkja verður til;Germanar verða (fámenn) yfirstétt í þeim og renna saman við þá rómversku sem fyrir var. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Þar sem rómversk menning var sterk tók germanska þjóðin upp rómverska tungu og siði (dæmi: Frankar í Gallíu; Vestgotar á Spáni) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Á “vanþróaðri” svæðum varð germönsk menning meiar áberandi (t.d. Englandi). <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Varanleg __þjóðflutningaríki__ ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Vestgotar stofnuðu ríki á Spáni; stóð fram á 8.öld. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Englar, Saxar og Jótar; hertóku England – stofnuðu fjölda smáríkja sem sameinuðust á 9.öld en sameinaða ríkið stóð til 1066. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Vandalir; setjast að í Norður-Afríku; stóð stutt <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Frankar: lögðu undir sig Gallíu og stofnuðu langlífasta ríkið – sem stendur enn. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Frankaríki ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Af þjóðflutningaríkjunum var Frankaríki öflugast <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Frankaríki nær yfir það svæði sem er Þýskaland, Frakkland og N-Ítalía í dag. Þar réð konungsætt sem nefndist Karlungar eftir Karli Martel. Fólkið sem studdi þessar konungsættir eru aðalsættir framtíðarinnar. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Karlungar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Komu skipulagi á óreiðuna sem fylgdi falli Rómaveldis. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Komu á styrkri stjórn <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Héraðsstjórn var í höndum greifa <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § __Karl Martel__ (f.688 – 741) stöðvaði útþenslu múslima 732 við Poiters. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Karl mikli ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § __Karl mikli__ (768 – 814) krýndur keisari árið 800, af Leo III páfa í Róm; upphafið að nánu samstarfi kirkju og konungsvalds miðöldum. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Samstarf kirkju og konungsvalds fólst einkum í því að kirkjan studdi þjóðhöfðingjann. T.d. veittu honum blessun en í staðinn fékk kirkjan stuðning við trúboð og miklar landareignir. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Yfirráðasvæði Karls: Frakkland, Norður-Ítalía, Belgía, Vestur-Þýskaland og hluti Mið-Evrópu. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Eftir daga Karls mikla skiptist ríki Karlunga í Frakkland og Þýskaland sem hafa tekist á um völd í Evrópu síðan. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Kaþólska kirkjan  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hvað þýða orðin kirkja og kristni? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Kirkja þýðir hús, kristni þýðir hinn smurði. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Kirkjan mótast í löndunum fyrir botni Miðjarðarhafs <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Með kirkjuþinginu í Níkeu (í Tyrklandi) 325 var fyrst reynt að samræma kenningar kirkjunnar. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Ágústínus kirkjufaðir ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Ágústínus (354 – 430) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Biskup í N-Afríku <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Felldi kristna kenningu að grískri heimspeki (undir áhrifum frá Platón) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Hann lýsti því yfir að til væri Guðsríki sem er eilíft og fullkomið. En við búum í veraldlegu ríki sem er ófullkomið, og markmið okkar er að komast í Guðsríki. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Syndafallið, náðarval <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Syndafallið er þegar Adam og Eva voru rekin úr Paradís. Síðan þá fæðast allir með erfðasyndina. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hvað er það sem gerir mann sáluhólpinn? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Maður verður sáluhólpinn með því að fylgja boðskapi Jesú krist í einfölduðu máli. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Rit: Confessions (394) og Ciuitas Dei (Guðsríkið)(410) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Útbreiðsla kristninnar á miðöldum ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Unnið og tapað <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Kristni breiðist út um allt Rómaveldi á fyrstu öldunum eftir Krist. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Miðausturlönd, N-Afríka og Pýreneaskagi falla í hendur múslimum á 7. og 8. öld. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Í staðinn verða N-Evrópa, Mið- og Austur-Evrópa kristin. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Ath! Sérstöðu Írlands og þýðingu hennar fyrir Ísland. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Almenningur og kirkjan ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Máttur trúarinnar mikill <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Agameðul kirkjunna <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Prédikun <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Ræða prestsins <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Skriftir <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Viðurkenna syndir sínar til að öðlast fyrirgefningu. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Bannfæring <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Þrjár tegundir af bannfæringum: <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 216pt; mso-list: l3 level6 lfo3; tab-stops: list 216.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § ** Forboð **: Í því fólst að fólk mátti ekki taka við sakramentum. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 216pt; mso-list: l3 level6 lfo3; tab-stops: list 216.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § ** Bannsetning **: sem fól í sér að fólk mátti ekki hafa samskipti við kristna menn <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 216pt; mso-list: l3 level6 lfo3; tab-stops: list 216.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § ** Stórmæli **: Bannað var að fremja prestverk í heilum löndum. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Sakramenti kirkjunnar (náðarmeðul) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Skírn, skriftir, altarisganga, ferming, hjónavígsla, prestvígsla og síðasta smurning. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Í kaþólskunni þarfti að taka við sakramentum og gera góðverk til að komast til himna <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Vulgata <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Var latnesk þýðing á biblíunni. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Villutrúarflokkar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Villutrúarflokkar voru trúflokkar sem voru í andstöðu við kirkjuna. Kirkja kom á fót stofnun til að uppræta svona – rannsóknarréttur. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Klaustur ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hóst þegar í frumkristni <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Einsetumenn (hermit) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Munkur – monos <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § 529 Benedikt frá Núrsía <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Benedikt setti fram 3 reglur um klausturlíf <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Engar eignir <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Ógift – skírlífi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Hlýðni við yfirmann. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Einnig eiga munkar og nunnur að iðja og biðja. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Klaustrin urðu vellauðug <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Auður klaustra <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Sálusjafir <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Próvenia <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Arfur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hvað var gert í klaustrunum? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Beðið <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Lærdomi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Sjúkrahús <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Gistihús <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Ábóti og abbadís.

<span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Skipulag og embætti kaþólsku kirkjunnar ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Rómverska keisaradæmið fyrirmynd. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Páfi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Kardinálar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Erkibiskupar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Biskupar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Prestar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Djáknar´ <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Kafli II.4 ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Íslam ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Nokkrar spurningar ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Ein af þremur stóru eingyðistrúarbrögðum heimsins <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hver eru hin? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Kristni <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Gyðingur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hvað merkir orðið Íslam? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Þýðir undirgefni <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Iðkendur Íslam kalla sig múslima <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Og hvað merkir það <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Merkir hinir undirgefnu. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hver er guð múslima? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Allah <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hvað heitir helsta trúarrit múslima? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Kóraninn, sem eru orð hans Allah. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Einhvers staðar verður allt að byrja  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Trúarbrögðin eiga upptök sín meðal araba sem bjuggu á arabíuskaga <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hirðingjaþjóðflokkar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Leiðtogi hvers flokks kallaður Sjeik <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Karlaveldi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Notfærðu sér úlfalda (skip eyðimerkurinnar) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Nokkar borgir risu á Arabíuskaga sem voru nokkurs konar verslanamiðstöðvar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Mekka og Medína helstar. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Múhameð ibn Abdallah ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Faðir Íslam og aðaltöffari <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Fæðist í kringum 570 í Mekku <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Af hirðingjaættum og fór vítt og breitt um miðausturlönd í verlsunarleiðöngrum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Kemst að öllum líkindum í kynni við önnur trúarbrögð. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Kvæntist vel stæðri ekkju <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Hann Múhameð okkar fer að velta fyrir sér lífinu og tilverunni ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Fór að efast um trúarbrögð samlanda sinna í Mekku og leggst í íhugun í helli utan við borgina <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Baddabing. Hann hlýtur uppljómun <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Gabríel erkiengill birtist Múhameð og tjáði honum að hann ætti að boða hina réttu trú. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Nýju hugmyndir hans leggjast ekki vel í Mekkubúa. Af hverju ekki? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Mekkubúar græddu mjög á steini sem var í borginni sem hét Kaaba. Þetta var sennilegast loftsteinn sem fólk kom víða að til að sjá steininn, og borga jafnvel fyrir það.Þeir óttuðust að hin nýja trú myndi grafa undan ríkidæmi borgarinnar. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hedjra árið 622. Árið 622 neyddist Múhameð til að yfigefa Mekku og kallast sá atburður Hedjra. Við það miða múslimar tímatil sitt. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Múhameð gefst ekki upp ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Sest að í nágrannaborginni Medinu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Verður fljótt aðalkallinn þar og Íslam nær fótfestu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Eftir nokkurra ára stríð við Mekku heldur hann innreið sína í borgina árið 632 <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Lést seinna sama ár frá níu eiginkonum sínum og kristinni frillu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Mekkar verður heilagasti staður Íslam <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Við dauða Múhameðs er Íslam þegar búið að skjóta sterkum rótum. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Kenningar Múhameðs (mikilvægt) ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Múhameð kenndi að Allah væri hinn eini og rétti guð <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Kenningum hans var safnað saman í helgasta riti múslima, Kóraninum. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hvað fannst honum um kristni og gyðingdóm? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Þeir kalla kristna og gyðinga fólk ritningarinnar. Jesús og Móse voru merkir spámenn en skilaboð þeirra voru ekki fullkomlega rétt. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hvert er inntak Íslam? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Það er einn guð sem skapaði heiminn og mun dæma yfir fólki á dómsdegi. Kóraninn kennir fólki að þekkja muninn á góðu og illu. Fólk verður að sýna Allah fulla undirgefni til að bjargast. Þeir sem bjargast fara til himna, hinir til helvítis. Múhameð er síðasti spámaðurinn sem fullkomnaði skilaboð guðs. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Quibla er áttin til mekka í moskum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Fimm stoðir Íslam (mikilvægt) ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § __Grunnatriði Íslam__ <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Trúarjátningin (shahada) Ash-hadu anla elaha illa-allah wa ast-hadu anna mohammadan rasul-allah Ég votta það að það er enginn annar guð en allah og ég votta það að Múhameð er sendiboði allah. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Bænin (salat) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Fimm sinnum á dag eiga múslimar að snúa sér til Mekku og biðja. Á föstudögum eiga allir að biðja saman í mosku. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Ölmusugjöf (zakat) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Ölmusan er 2,5% tekjuskattur sem greitt er til fátækra. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Fastan (sawm) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Á níunda mánuði ársins, Ramadan, mega múslimar ekki borða eða stunda kynlíf frá sólarupprás til sólarlags. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Pílagrímaferðin (hadi) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Einu sinni á ævinni eiga múslimar að fara til Mekku í pílagrímaferð. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Sumir múslimar telja heilaga baráttu (Jihad) vera sjöttu stoðina <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Kóraninn ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Orð Guðs sem eru óháð tíma og rúmi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Kóraninn þýðir endursögn. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Kraftaverk Múhameðs og sönnun fyrir tilvist Guðs. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Skiptist í 114 súrur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · 113 þeirra byrja á orðunum “bism Allah öalRahman al-Rahim” <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Fjallar um allt mögulegt sem tengist trúnni og hvernig múslimar eiga að haga lífi sínu. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Eins og önnur trúarrit þá er hægt að túlka Kóraninn á marga mismunandi vegu. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Shia og Sunni ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Tveir megintrúarflokkar innan Islam. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Múslimar skiptust í tvennt eftir fráfall Múhameðs en þá hófust deilur um hverjir ættu að vera eftirmenn hans. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Oft er grunnt á því góða milli flokkanna tveggja <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Sunni-múslimar miklu fleiri (85%) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Shia eru afkomendur Múhameðs <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Útbreiðsla Íslam ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Eftirmenn Múhameðs kölluðust Kalifar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Á næstu árum og öldum breiddu þeir hin nýju trúarbrögð hratt út <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Poitiers 732 <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Trúin yfirleitt tekin upp í sigruðum löndum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Af hverju <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Fólk tók upp Íslam því það var auðveldara. Fólk varð að vera múslimar til að komast eittthvað áfram. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Með útbreiðslu Íslam fylgdi útbreiðsla arabískunnar og má tala um nýtt menningarsvæði. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Sharia ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Íslömsk lög (vilji guðs) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Merkir Leiðin til vatnslindarinnar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Múslimar gera engan greinarmun á lífi og trú <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Þar af leiðandi eiga trúarlög að gilda að fullu og öllu leyti bæði um trúmál sem og allt það er kemur að daglegu lífi. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Sharia byggir að mestu leyti á <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Kóraninum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hadith <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Skriftum múslimskra fræðimann á fyrstu tveimur öldum eftir dauða Múmma. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Meira um Sharia ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Þessi lög eru algild og óumbreytanleg <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Þetta atriði er mjög umdeilt <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hefur misjafnt gildi eftir ríkjum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Sum ríki byggja lög sín algjörlega á Íslam <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Önnur notast bara við Sharia í ákveðnum málaflokkum. Þá hverjum? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Aðallega siðferðismálum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Sum nota það sama og ekkert <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § ** Framlag Araba til heimsmenningarinnar ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Raunvísindi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Ýmsar iðnaðarvörur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Varðveittu gríska menningu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Á hámiðöldum voru Evrópumenn menningarsnauðir villimenn bæði miðað við íbúa Austrómverska ríkisins og Araba. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Kynntu Evrópubúum ýmsar austrænar nýjungar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Pappir, púður og áttavitar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Kínverjar fundu þetta upp en arabar breiddu þetta út <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Arabískur byggingarstíll <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · 1001 nótt <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Sagnasafn, með aladdin og alí baba meðal annars <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · 1,2,3........... <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Þeir fundu upp tölustafina <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Algebra <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Íslam í dag ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Yfir milljarður manna í öllum helstu heimsálfum iðkar Íslam <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Þó einkum í Afríku og Asíu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Þau trúarbrögð sem vaxa hraðast í heiminum í dag <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hafa verið mikið í brennidepli á síðari tímum. Af hverju? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Vegna Írak, Íran og 11.september <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Staða kvenna innan Íslam  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Mismunandi milli landa en þó standa þær afar sjaldan jafnfætis á við karlmenn. Hefur þó batnað á mörgum stöðum hin síðari ár. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Verst í þeim löndum þar bókstafatrú er í hávegum höfð. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § En hvað segir Kóraninn um stöðu kynjanna? En Sharia? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hvernig lýsir munurinn sér? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Kafli II.19 – Síðmiðaldir ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Hundrað ára stríðið (1338 – 1453) ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Englandskonungur var lénsmaður Frakkakonungs <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Englandskonungur átti lönd í Frakklandi sem Englendingar höfðu eignast með giftingum og erfðum. Héruð þessi sem voru vestan megin í Frakklandi gáfu af sér góðan arð. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Orsakir <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Franska konungsættin vildi ná lénum Englandskonungs í Vestur-Frakklandi á sitt vald <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Játvarður III Englandskonungur var ekki skipaður konungur Frakka þegar franska konungsættin dó út (af hverju?) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Einkenni stríðsins <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Var ekki samfellt stríð <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Stórorustur voru fáar (Crécy, Poiters, Agincourt) og unnu Englendingar þær flestar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Langboginn gaf Englendingum yfirburðastöðu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Herflokkar fóru rænandi um héruð Frakklands. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Jóhanna af Örk (Jeanne d´Arc) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Um 1420 gekk stríðið mjög illa hjá Frökkum. Þá kom Jóhanna af Örk til konungs og sneri stríðsgæfunni við. Englendingar náðu henni og brenndu. Það breytti því þó ekki að Frakkar unnu stríðið. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hverjar voru afleiðingar hundrað ára stríðsins? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Konungsvald styrkist í báðum löndum því margir aðalsmenn létu lífið. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Englendingar misstu nánast öll ítök sín á meginlandinu og fóru að snúa sér í ríkara mæli að siglingum og verslun. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o England og Frakkland verða í ríkara mæli að þjóðríkjum. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Svarti dauði ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Svarti dauði 1348 – hvaðan barst veikin? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Veikin barst frá Asíu. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Tvö afbrigði: kýlaveiki og lungnapest <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · __ Kýlaveiki: __ 60% dóu. Barst með flóm sem lifðu á rottum.

__Lungnapest:__ 90% mannsfall af þeim sem fengu hana dó barst með lofti <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Mannfellir var mikill – um þriðjungur íbúa Evrópu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Fátæklingar urðu harðar útí í plágunni. Af hverju? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Fátæklingar höfðu veikara ónæmiskerfi vegna þess að þeir borðuðu ekki jafnmikið og lifðu við verri aðstæður <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Afleiðingar ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Kjör bænda batna (Af hverju?) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Vegna þess að þeir eignast fleiri jarðir. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Fasteignir lækka í verði <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Auðveldara að stofna til hjúskapar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Skortur á vinnuafli – kaupgjald hækkar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Laun vinnufólks hækkar vegna skorts á vinnuafli. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § ** Þeir sem eftirlifa hafa meiri möguleika á betra lífi og frjósemi eykst ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Jarðnæði losnar og leiga fer lækkandi þar sem framboð er meira en eftirspurn. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Gyðingahatur jókst <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hvers vegna blossuðu gyðingaofsóknir upp í kjölfar svartadauða? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Vegna þess að gyðingar voru hreinlátari en kristnir menn, og notuðu meðal annars ekki almenningsbrunna. Komu þeir miklu betur út úr plágunni heldur en hinir. Vegna þess að þeir voru öðruvísi. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo3; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Gyðingum var kennt um og þeir myrtir í þúsundatali. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Noregur fór illa útúr plágunni, en Norður Ítalía vel. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § ** Einar Herjólfsson lenti á Hvalfirði 1402 og í kjölfarið veiktist allt Ísland.

** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Hvers vegna urðu sumir hópar harðar úti í svartadauða en aðrir? ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Fátækir (stendur fyrir ofan) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Börn (veikara ónæmiskerfi) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Gamalt fólk (veikara ónæmiskerfi) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Prestar (vegna þess að þeir þurftu að blessa fólk áður en það dó) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Læknar (sýktust þegar þeir reyndu að hjálpa fólki) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Siðaskipti – bls.173-186  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Aðdragandi  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Siðaskipti – skilgreining <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Siðaskipti þýða að tekinn er upp ný eða breytt trú. Í staðinn fyrir kaþólska kristni var tekin upp mótmælendatrú. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Ástæður – orsakir <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Ástæður:  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Spilling kirkjunnar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Páfinn hegðaði sér eins og aðrir þjóðhöfðingjar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 216pt; mso-list: l1 level6 lfo4; tab-stops: list 216.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Var upptekinn af veraldlegum hlutum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Kirkjuleg embætti gengu kaupum og sölum og oft voru prestar alveg óhæfir. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Aflátsbréfasala. Með þeim gat fólk styttt veru sína í hreinsunareldinum. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Endurreisnin (kemur meira um hana seinna) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Veraldarhyggja <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Einstaklingshyggja <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Kirkjan einokaði ekki lengur menntun <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Húmanismi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Þjóðhöfðingjar stórgræddu á siðaskiptunum því allar eigur kirkjunnar runnu í þeirra eigin vasa <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Villutrúarflokkar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Begínur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Lýstu því yfir að kirkjan ætti ekki að deila út sakramentum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Lollardar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Voru á Englandi. Vildu að allir gætu lesið biblíuna og flutt fagnaðarerindið <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hússítar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Leiðtoginn Jóhann Húss. Hafnaði guðlegum uppruna páfastóls <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hvað er rannsóknarréttur? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Rannsóknarréttur var kirkjudómstóll sem dæmdi yfir villutrúarmönnum. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Marteinn Lúther  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Upphafsmaður siðaskipta 31.okt 1517 <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Fæddist í Eisleben í Þýskalandi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Siðbót = siðaskipti <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Katrín af Bora var eiginkona Lúthers <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Taldi kaþólsku kirkjuna ekki fylgja biblíunni <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Sérstaklega fúll út í sölu __aflátsbréfa__ <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hvað er það? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § „Hér stend ég og get ekki annað” <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Mótmælendur (Protestant) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Árið 1517 skrifaði Martein Lúther 95 kvörtunargreinar og hengdi á kirkjudyr í bænum Wittenberg <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Var að mótmæla gerðum kaþólsku kirkjunnar og þar af leiðandi kallaðir mótmælendur. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Kenningar Lúthers  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Kenningin um Sole Fide – aðeins í krafti trúarinnar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Skv. Kaþólsku kirkjunni þurfti fólk að taka við sakramenntum og gera góðverk til að komast til himna. Lúther hafnaði þessu og sagði að það eina sem skipti máli væri trú og iðrun. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Biblían grunnur trúarinnar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Ýmsa siði kaþólskunnar þurfti að afnema (hvaða) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Páfi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Klaustur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Aflátsbréf <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Dýrðlingar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hreinsunareldinn <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Einlífi presta <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Ekkert af þessu var í biblíunni <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Einlífi presta afnumið <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Biblíuþýðingar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Farið var að þýða biblíur á þjóðtungur. Áður voru þær bara á latínu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Einungis tvö sakramenti** (hvaða) ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Skírn <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Heilög kvöldmáltíð <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Með Lúterstrú komst á samband milli ríkis og kirkju. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Breytingar og útbreiðsla  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Cuius regio, eius religio (hvað þýðir það?) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Þýðir “sá sem ræður, ræður trúnni”. Þetta þýddi að sá sem réð yfir landinu réð því hvort skipt yrði um sið <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Eignir kirkjunnar runnu til hins veraldlega valds. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Svíar innleiða lúterstrú árið 1527 og Danir 1537 <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Af hverju breiddist trúin út og skaut rótum? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Aðal ástæðan fyrir útbreiðslunni var áhugi þjóðhöfðingja á eignum kirkjunnar. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Útbreiðsla Lúterstrúar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Norðurlöndin <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hluti af Þýskalandi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Eystrasaltslöndin <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Aðrar hreyfingar mótmælenda  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Jóhann Kalvín var Frakki sem bjó í Sviss. Hann var einnig á móti kaþólsku kirkjunni og í höfuðið á honum heita kalvínistar sem eru annar flokkur mótmælenda. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Kalvínistar – hvar náðu þeir útbreiðslu** ? ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hollandi, Skotlandi,Sviss <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Náðarvalskenningin (hvað fólst í henni) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Guð er fyrirfram búinn að ákveða hvort maður frelsast eða glatast = hvorugu er hægt að breyta. Líf fólks sýnir hvort það bjargast eða ekki. Duglegt fólk er líklegra til að verða hólpið. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Kalvin lagði líka mikla áherslu á söfnuðinn og safnaðarlífið <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hann sér um uppfræðslu og siðgæðiseftirlit <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Mikil áhersla lögð á fjölskylduna <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Lítið um skemmtanir <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Ekkert skraut í kirkjum. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Mikil áhersla á atorkusamt líferni – verslun og viðskipti blómgast. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Í Englandi urðu einnig siðaskipti en þar tók við ** enska biskupakirkjan **. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hinrik VIII Englandskonungur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Defensor fideii (hvernig þá?) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Hinrik VIII var upphaflega nefndur verndari trúarinnar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Lendir í deilum við páfa (af hverju?) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Lendir í deilum við páfann vegna þess að hann vildi skilja við konu sína en páfinn bannaði það, vegna þess að faðir eiginkonunnar var góður vinur páfans. Hinrik sleit tengslin við kaþólsku kirkjuna. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Slítur öllum tengslum við páfa og kirkjuna <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Stofnar ensku biskupakirkjuna 1534 <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Í tíð barna Hinriks VIII verða miklar trúarhræringar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Játvarður, María og Elísabet. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Gagnsiðabót ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hvað er nú það? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Þegar siðaskiptin fóru að ganga yfir reyndi kaþólska kirkjan að gera umbætur í sínum málum = gagnsiðbótin. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Samkeppni um sálirnar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Úrbætur: <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Aflátssölu hætt <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Meiri kröfur til presta <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Jesúítar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Jesúítar eru munkaregla sem tilheyrði páfanu. Þeir voru hámenntaðir og voru vinsælir kennarar og ráðgjafar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Rannsóknarrétturinn efldur ** Endurreisn í Evrópu, kafli III.6 **bls.197-202 <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Endurreisn ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hvað merkir hugtakið endurreisn (renaissance) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Í hugtakinu endurreisn fólst að endurvekja átti hina forun menningu Grikkja og rómverja <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Átti sér stað á 14.-17.öld <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hugmyndir Grikkja og Rómverjar voru hafðar til fyrirmyndar á lista-og fræðistörfum. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Forsendur endurreisnar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Aukin verslun og hagsæld <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Borgir höfðu náð að myndast <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Nýr markaður myndaðist fyrir fræðistörf og listaverk <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Í gegnum krossferðirnar höfðu Evrópubúar komist í náin kynni við arabaheiminn. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Einkenni endurreisnar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Blómaskeið í listum og fræðistörfum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Vísindabylting <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Veraldarhyggja <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Húmanismi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Áhugi á fornöldinni <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Helstu endurreisnarborgirnar voru á N-Ítalíu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Feneyjar og Flórens <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Líf í borg öðruvísi heldur en líf í sveit <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Mediciættin <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Var mjög voldug ætt í Flórens sem keypti mikið af listaverkum.Græddu á bankastarfsemi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Endurreisn ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Inntak listaverka breyttist – nýir kaupendur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Í stað þess aað kirkjan keypti öll listaverkin fór venjulegt fólk að kaupa þau líka, breyttust þá listaverkin úr einungis trúarmálverkum í alls konar verk <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Húmanismi eða manngildisstefna: <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Menntastefna endurreisnar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Í Húmanisma felst áhugi á manninum og lífi hans. Fög eins og saga, heimspeki og mælska urðu vinsæl. Með þeim átti að vera hægt að bæta manninn. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 216pt; mso-list: l1 level6 lfo4; tab-stops: list 216.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § viðhorfsbreyting <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Veraldarhyggja – hvað er nú það? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Fólk fer að hugsa um lífið í dag en ekki eftirlífið <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Áhrif á kirkjuna: <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Fólk verður gagnrýnna á hana <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Fólk fór að leggja meiri áherslu á siðaboðskapinn frekar en himnaríki og helvíti. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hvaða hluti má að einhverju leyti rekja til endurreisnar? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Vísindabylting <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Siðaskiptin <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Landafundirnir <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Upplýsingin <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Nokkrir endurreisnarmenn  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Niccoló Machiavelli <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Skrifaði bókina Furstann sem fjallaði um stjórnmál á raunsærri hátt en áður <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Leonardo da Vinci <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Gerði glæsileg málverk; Mónu Lísu, Síðasta kvöldmáltíðin. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Fann upp skærin <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Gerði frumgerð að þyrlu og skriðdreka <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Mikill málari og uppfinningamaður. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Krufði lík <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Skrifaði spegilskrift <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Michelangelo <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Eyddi fjórum árum í að mála alla veggi og loft í sixtínsku kapellunni. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Merkilegur listamaður og höggmyndagaur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Erasmus frá Rotterdam <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hann var húmanisti sem skrifaði meðal annars bókina Lof heimskunnar þar sem hann gagnrýndi m.a. kaþólsku kirkjuna. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Rafael <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Annar merkur málari <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Eindurreisnarlist ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Listamenn fara að beita nýjum aðgerðum oft með hjálp raungreina <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Lærðu að teikna <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Hlutföll <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Dýpt <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Sambland skugga og birtu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Farið var að líta á myndina sem glugga inn í hinn raunverulega heim <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Lögð áhersla á bakgrunninn <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Áhrif sjónarinnar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Tilfinningar sýndar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Notaðir sterkari litir og nýjar aðferðir <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Sfumato <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Notaðir olíulitir <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Höggmyndalistin er endurvakin <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Portrett-myndir verða vinsælar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Fjölbreyttara myndefni en áður fyrr <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Notast meira við symbolísma <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Endurreisn – List (skoða myndirnar á netinu) ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Rafael ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Mikil dýpt. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Myndin er af Leo 10. páfa. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Endurreisnaráhrifin: <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Dýptin <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Þrívídd <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Birta og skuggi, hann leikur sér með það <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Portrett mynd <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Nú var farið að sýna raunverulega mynd af heiminum. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Maðurinn er með stækkunargler, vegna þess að hann á erfitt með að lesa <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Rafael gerði þessa mynd. Gerð á 16.öld <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Giotto ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Heitir trú <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hefur verið nefnd fyrsta nútímamyndin. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Endurreisnaráhrif <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Þrívídd (fyrsta þrívíddarmyndin) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Einhver dýpt <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Notar skuggana vel <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Della Francesca ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Myndin heitir draumur Konstantínusar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Endurreisnaráhrif <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Dýpt <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Skuggar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Birta <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Myndefnið er sótt í sögu Rómaveldis <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Botticelli ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Heitir fæðing Venusar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Endurreisnaráhrif <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Grískir guðir (myndefnið) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Nektin <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Lítið um skugga <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hlutföllin eru fín <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Dýpt <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Smá hreyfing í myndinni <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Þarna er Venus að fæðast <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Van Eyck  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Myndin heitir Brúðkaup Arnolfínís <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Endurreisnaráhrif: <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Greinileg Dýpt <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Leikur sér með skugga og ljós <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Þrívídd <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Fullt af táknum í þessari mynd <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Hundurinn er tákn fyrir tryggð <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Ávextir tákna frjósemi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Ljósakrónan, bara eitt ljós kveikt táknar Guð <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Olíumálverk <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Myndin er eins konar hjónabandsvottur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Da Vinci  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Myndin er í klaustri á Ítalíu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Heitir síðasta kvöldmáltíðin <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Endurreisnaráhri <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Dýpt <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Birta <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Þrívídd <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Trúarleg tákn <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Þrír og þrír saman. hin heilaga þrenning <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Þrír gluggar fyrir aftan Jesú <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** La Gioconda  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Móna Lísa <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Teiknu af Da Vinci <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Endurreisnaráhrif: <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Mikið um skugga <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Sumato – augun og brosið hverfa inn í skuggann <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Portrett mynd <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Vantar augabrúnir <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Michelangelo – Pieta  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Jesús kristur í fangi Maríu Mey <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Sköpunin  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Eftir Michelangelo <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Þarna er guð að kveikja líf í Adam <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Ein af myndunum í sixtínsku kapellunni í róm. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Endurreisnarlist – Rafael  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Þetta eru María Mey og Jesú Kristur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Endurreisnaráhrif <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Sfumato <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Miklir skuggar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Dýpt <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Allt saman óþvingað <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Aþenu skólinn eftir Rafael  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Þarna eru allir helstu grísku meistararnir <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Í miðjunni eru Aristóteles og Platón <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Endurreisnaráhrif <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Bullandi þrívídd <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Myndefnið er grískt <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Rafael setti sjálfan sig og kærustusina iinn´ <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Titian  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Heitir Venus frá Úrbínó <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Titian er frá Feneyjum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Endurreisnaráhrif <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Skuggi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Þrívídd <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Myndefnið er mjög endurreisnarlegt. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hún heldur á rós og þess vegna vitum við að þetta er afródíta <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Erótísk mynd <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Kafli 3.VIII Upphaf nýaldar og landafundir  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Nýöld nær frá 1492 - 1848  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Hvað markar upphaf nýaldar? ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Þegar Kólumbus finnur Ameríku <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Forsendur og ástæður landafundanna  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Forsendur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Tæknilegir yfirburðir <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Ný og betri skip – karavellur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Áttaviti – kínamenn fundu hann upp. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Vopn – fallbyssusr <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Efnahagslegur styrkur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Öflug verslun <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Nóg af peningum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Hlutafélög   ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Aðstæður í Evrópu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Samkeppni á milli ríkja <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o fólksfjölgun <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Efling borgarastéttarinnar og samstarf hennar við konunga <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Andstæðingar borgarastéttarinnar voru aðallinn <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Ástæður <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hugarfarsbreyting í kjölfar endurreisnar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Frjálsari hugsun og vísindaframfarir <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Aukin eftirspurn eftir austurlenskum vörum t.d. kryddi (vaxandi verslun og borgarmyndun) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Vöxtur Tyrkjaveldis <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Tyrkir reyndu að einoka verslun milli Asíu og Evrópu og gerðu evrópskum kaupmönnum erfitt fyrir. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Einnig hækkuðu ítalskir kaupmenn mjög verð á vörum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Trúboð <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Evrópubúar voru að boða kristni <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Veraldarhyggja er að njóta lífsins í dag <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Landafundir  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hver var tilgangur siglinga? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Tilgangur siglinga var að finna leið til að flytja inn í Evrópu ýmsar munaðarvörur, sérstaklega krydd, á sem ódýrastan máta. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § ** Siglingar Portúgala:  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Áttu nokkra fræga landkönnuði <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Bartholomeus Días <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 216pt; mso-list: l1 level6 lfo4; tab-stops: list 216.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Komst fyrstur manna fyrir suðurodda Afríku árið 1487 <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Vasco da Gama <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 216pt; mso-list: l1 level6 lfo4; tab-stops: list 216.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Komst fyrstur Evrópumanna siglingarleiðina til Indlands árið 1498 <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Hinrik sæfari <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 216pt; mso-list: l1 level6 lfo4; tab-stops: list 216.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Var portúgalskur prins sem studdi mjög við bakið á siglingum. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Ath. Allstaðar nema í Brasilíu stofna þeir __verslunarstöðvar__ frekar en __nýlendur__ (hver er munurinn). <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Í verslunarstöðvum koma bara kaupmenn og halda úti verslunum þar, en nýlenda er þegar fólk sest að á staðnum. Ferð til annars lands og eignar þér það <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Helstu verslunarvörur frá Asíu: <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Krydd <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Silki <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Postulín <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Eðalsteinar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Og fleira <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § ** Landafundir Spánverja  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hverjar voru forsendurnar? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Árið 1492 sameinaðist Spánn í eitt ríki undir stjórn hjónanna Ísabellu og Ferdinands <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Í framhaldinu var múslimum og gyðingum sparkað úr landi. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Til að halda upp á sameininguna og sigurinn á múslimum ákvað Ísabella að styrkja Kristófer Kólumbus til að finna styttri leið til Indlands <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Í staðinn finnur hann Ameríku (land feitabollana) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Kristófer Kólumbus (frá Ítalíu) siglir til Ameríku (Indíur) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Mið-og Suður-Ameríku (stofna nýlendur) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Þetta verða spænskar nýlendur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Spænskir landvinningamenn: <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Conquistadores  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Spánverjar lögðu undir sig Mið-og S-Ameríku og mennirnir sem tóku löndin voru kallaðir conquistadores. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Cortes  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Cortes lagði Aztekríkið undir Spán. Í dag er Aztekaríkið Mexíkó <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Pizarro  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Pizzaro lagði Inkaríkið undir Spán. Í dag er Inkaríkið Perú <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Í framhaldinu dóu um 90% innfæddra af sjúdómum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Deilur Spánverja og Portúgala um skiptingu nýfundinna svæða <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Amerigo Vespucci <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Magellan stjórnaði fyrstu hnattsiglingunni sem lauk 1522 <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Ferðin var fr´aárinu 1619 til 1622 <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Jón Indíafari Ólafsson – skrifaði ferðabók <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Stéttaskipting  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Peninsulares – Spánverjar: Æðri embætti <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · // Kreólar // – nýlendubúar, afkomendur Spánverja <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · // Mestítar //– afkomendur kreóla og indíána <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · // Indíánar //– <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · // Múlattar //– afkomendur svartra og hvítra <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · // Sambóar //– afkomendur svartra og indíána <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · // Blökkumenn // <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Aðrar nýlenduþjóðir í Ameríku  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hollendingar, Frakkar og Bretar fara að sækja í nýlendur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Bretar og Frakkar stofna nýlendur í N-Ameríku og eyjunum á Karabíahafi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Bretar stofna sína fyrstu nýlendu, Virginíu, um 1600. Seinna eignast þeir alla austurströnd N-Ameríku. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Frakkar eignast núverandi Quebec-hérað í Kanada og Lousiana í Bandaríkjunum. (Hét í höfuðið á konungi frakka). <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Portúgalir setjast að í Brasilíu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Nýlendurnar  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Sökum hagstæðra skilyrða var tekinn upp plantekrubúskapur í flestum nýlendnanna <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Aðalvörurnar voru sykur og í N-Ameríku bóðmull og tóbak <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Vinnan á ekrunum var erfið <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Lítið framboð á hvítu fólki <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Innfæddum hafði fækkað mjög <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Til iað leysa þetta var farið að flytja inn þeldökka þræla frá Afríku <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Til verður ** Þríhyrningsverslunin(mikilvægt) ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 216pt; mso-list: l1 level6 lfo4; tab-stops: list 216.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Þríhyrningsverslunin var gríðarleg tekjulind fyrir evrópsku ríkin. Í henni fólst að fluttir voru þrælar frá Afríku til Ameríku,og seldir í Ameríku. Þar var keypt bóðmull, tóbak og sykur og flutt til Evrópu. Og svo voru iðnaðarvörur seldar til Afríku í staðinn fyrir þræla. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Afleiðingar  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § __Evrópa drottnari heimsins:__ <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Samjöppun auðs og valda í ríkjum Evrópu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Ólíkt hlutskipti <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Frumbyggjar sviptir menningu og afkomu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Svartir þrælar fluttir nauðugir sem vinnuafl – ** þríhyrningsverslun (hvað var nú það?) ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § __Ýtir undir breytingar í Evrópu sem Endurreisnin hafði þegar satt af stað:__ <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Framfaratrú, veraldarhyggju og trú á möguleika mannsins <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Borgir stækka og borgarastéttin vex mjög <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hvað var áður? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo4; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Langflestir voru bændur, en nú fara borgir að stækka. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o ** Afleiðingar  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hnattvæðing <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Heimurinn minnkar, fólk fór að koma til fleiri landa og meira af vörum flakkar á milli landa. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Upphafið að vandamálum / erfiðleikum í þriðja heiminum – ** hvernig þá? ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Fátækt <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · skortur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Nýir sjúkdómar berast á milli landa <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Neyslumenning tók breytingum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Sykurneysla eykst stórkostlega <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Tóbak <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Bóðmull eykst <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Kryddneysla eykst <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Maís <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Tómatar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Kartöflur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Kafli V-I, V-II, V-III  ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** „Rule of one” ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Einveldi var ríkjandi stjórnarfar í Evrópu frá 17. til 19.öld <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hvaða kerfi leysti það af hólmi? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hver er munurinn á þessum tveimur kerfum? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Einveldið leysti gamla lénskerfið af hólm. Í lénskerfinu voru konungar kosnir af aðalsmönnum. Núna gekk hins vegar krúnan í erfðir. Aðallinn missir sem sagt þetta vald. Aðallinn missir einnig svæðisbundin réttingi og stéttarþing voru ekki kölluð saman. Í staðinnn fékk aðallinn ýmsar stöður og skattfríðindi. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hvað orsakaði þessa breytingu? / Af hverju komst einveldi á? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Vægi riddarans minnkaði í hermennsku með tilkomu nýrra vopna eins og byssu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Borgarstéttin eflist og hún studdi yfirleitt konung því hún vildi trausta stjórn. Borgarstéttin eflist með endurreisn og sérstaklega landafundum sem þýddi meiri verslun. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Þjóðernishyggja var að aukast. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 216pt; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo5; tab-stops: list 216.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Auðveldara fyrir konunga að höfða til allrar þjóðarinnar. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Siðaskiptin styrktu konunga vegna þess að þá fengu þeir peninga <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Hvaðan töldu einvaldir konungar sig fá valdið? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Einvaldar töldu sig fá valdið frá Guði. Talað var um Einveldi af Guðs náð <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Dei Gratia = staðgengill Guðs á jörðu niðri <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Hverjir voru hornsteinar einveldisins? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Herinn – kóngar fóru að hafa sína eigin heri <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Fastaher: ** hermenn sem eru bara hermenn, vinna við að vera hermenn. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Skattheimta – fengu peningi út úr þessu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Öflugt embættismannakerfi tryggði góða innheimtu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Merkantílismi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Góðar samgöngur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Hugmyndasmiðir einveldisins <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Jean Badin <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Rökstuddi einveldið <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Thomas Hobbes <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Menn voru upphaflega frjálsir en gefa valdið til konungs í staðinn fyrir öryggi. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Bossuet <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Valdið kemur frá Guði <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Money and Power ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Einvaldskonungar þurftu yfirleitt á digrum sjóðum að halda <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hvernig öðluðust þeir þá? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Mikil skattheimta sem þeirra eigin embættismenn innheimtu. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Í hvað voru þeir notaðir aðallega? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Fastaherinn <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hirðlífið <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Byggðu vegi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Merkantílismi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Merkantílismi var efnahagsstefna einvelda. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Í honum fólst að lönd ættu að safna gulli. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 216pt; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo5; tab-stops: list 216.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Gerðu það með því að flytja meira út heldur en inn. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 252pt; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo5; tab-stops: list 252.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Til þess að ná því fram var sem allra mest framleitt innanlands og tollar settir á allan innflutning. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Í Merkantílismanum höfðu nýlendur mjög ákveðið hlutverk. Þær áttu að sjá móðurlandinu fyrir hráefni og vera markaður fyrir vörur þess. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Frakkland ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o 100 ára stríðinu lýkur árið 1453 <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hverju breytti það fyrir Frakkland? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Fengu löndin aftur frá Bretlandi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Landið varð þjóðríki (allir líta á sig sem eina þjóð) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Konungurinn styrktist vegna dauða margar aðalsmanna. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Á fyrri hluta 16.aldar styrkist staða franskra konunga. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Vegna þess að það voru margir góðir konungar sem komu í röð <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Seinni hluta aldarinnar einkennist af innanlandsófriði <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Milli hverra? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Annars vegar milli mismunandi ætta og hins vegar milli mismunandi trúarhópar. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 216pt; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo5; tab-stops: list 216.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Kalvinismi hafði náð útbreiðslu í Frakklandi en þar nefndust þeir Húgenottar og þeir deildu um völdin við kaþólikka <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 252pt; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo5; tab-stops: list 252.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Borgarastyrjöld <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Hinrik 4. af Navarra ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Er við völd frá 1589 – 1610 <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Stiltti til friðar í landinu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Setti fram // Nantes-Tilskipunina // <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Húgenottum var veitt trúfrelsi innan ákveðinna marka og fengu nokkrar borgir fyrir sig. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Styrk stjórn hans leggur grunninn að einveldi næstu konunga. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Lúðvík 13. ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Ríkti frá 1610 – 1643 <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Helsti ráðgjafi hans var Richelieu kardínáli <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Styrkti stöðu konungs með því að koma á öflugu embættismannakerfi sem náði um allt landið <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Beitti sér gegn húgúenottum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Blandaði sér í 30 ára stríðið <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Sonur Hinriks 4. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Aðalfroskurinn ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Frakkland var fyrirmyndaríki einveldisins <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Frakkland var fyrirmynd : <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Menningar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Stjórnarfars <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Tísku <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Mats <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Listar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Tungumáls (“mikilvægast”) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Lingua Franka (franska var alheimstungumálið). Heldri manna mál <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Versalir (aðal höllin) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Var voldugasta og öflugasta ríki álfunnar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Stórt <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Ríkt <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Fjölmennt <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Einsleitt (þjóðin leit á sig sem þjóð) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Fyrirmyndarkonungurinn var Lúðvík 14. (1643 – 1715) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Kallaður Rol de Soleil (sólkonungurinn) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Fæddist 1638 <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Duglegur og virkur konungur <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Gríðarlega íburðamikið hirðlíf á hans tíma <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hafði það einhver tilgang? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Sveipaði konunginn dýrðarljóma <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hélt aðlinum föstum í höllinni. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hann hélt öllum aðalsmönnum í skefjum, í staðinn fyrir að valda vandræðum einhvers staðar, þá voru þeir sífellt að stunda skemmtanalífið hjá Lúðvík. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o “L’état c’est moi” <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § = Ríkið það er ég <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Sonur Lúðvíks 13. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Menning einveldisins ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Barok (1600 – 1700) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Hlutverk var að upphefja einvaldinn og styrkja ímynd hans <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Mjög skrautlegur stíll <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Kjörorð hans var carpe diem <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Stíllinn einkenndist af <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Skrauti <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Tilfinningum <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Hreyfingu <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Mikil áhersla á sambland lits og skugga <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Tískan: Illa lyktandi, hárgreiðslan, undirkjóll og yfirkjóll <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Versalir ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Bjuggu um 10.000 manns <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Unnu um 30.000 manns <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Barokk ** Kaflar VI.1 – VI.6 – Upplýsingin ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Inngangur ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Hvaða ríki voru voldugust á 18.öld? Af hverju? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § England – vegna þess að þeir áttu mikið af nýlendum og verslun. Þríhyrningaverslun <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Frakkland – áður nefnt <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Þessi tvö ríki eru grundvallarríki upplýsingarinnar. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Upplýsingastefnan: <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Les lumiéres <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § The Enlightenment <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Safn hugmynda sem voru í tísku meðal lærða manna á 18.öld <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Hvað einkenndi upplýsingastefnuna : (þekkja vel) <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Bjartsýni <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Framfaratrú <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Trú á vísindi <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Skynsemistrú <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Með henni er hægt að ná framförum í siðferði, tækni og þekkingu. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Áhersla á uppfræðslu (uppeldi) og menntun fólks <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Bókaútgáfa <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Andóf gegn kirkjunni <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 180pt; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 180.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · Margir upplýsingamenn voru deiistar. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Menn hættu að beygja sig undir fyrirfram ákveðin örlög heldru töldu sig geta breytt og bætt streymið sjálfir. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Hvar og hvenær? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § England og Frakkland 1690 – 1789 <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Þýskaland 18.öld <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Bandaríkin 18.öld <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Forsendur upplýsingarinnar <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Borgarastéttin orðin fjölmenn <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Ægisvald kirkjunnar ekki eins mikip <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 144pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 144.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> § Breytt heimsmynd – Hvað olli því? <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> · ** Encyclopédíe ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 108pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> o Eitt þekktasta rit upplýsingarinnar (merkisrit, alfræðiorðabók)